In urban areas, an increasing number of people are choosing electric vehicles for travel, leading to a growing demand for the construction of charging stations. Consequently, more charging stations are appearing near residential communities or places of residence. The scale of these charging stations varies according to the population size of the surrounding area.

 Regardless of their size, the need for power supply at charging stations is becoming increasingly evident. The supporting power supply for charging stations refers to various equipment and systems that provide stable electricity to them.

 As the number of electric vehicles in use continues to rise, the construction of charging stations has become an optimal solution to address energy and environmental issues.

 I. Municipal Power Supply System

The most basic supporting power supply for charging stations is the municipal power supply system. This system provides stable electricity to charging stations through the power grid. Most charging stations rely on municipal power, converting it into direct current (DC) to charge electric vehicles. The municipal power supply system generally includes transmission lines, substations, transformers, and distribution equipment.

1. Transmission Lines: Transmission lines are crucial channels for transferring electrical energy from power plants to charging stations. They typically use high-voltage power transmission to deliver stable high-voltage electricity to substations.

2. Substations: Substations primarily function to transform and convert the high-voltage electricity transmitted via power lines into suitable voltage levels for charging stations. They usually consist of transformers, circuit breakers, and switching equipment.

3. Transformers: Transformers are key components within substations, capable of converting high-voltage electricity into low-voltage electricity suitable for charging stations.

4. Distribution Equipment: Distribution equipment is responsible for distributing and converting electricity output from substations. It transmits electricity to charging points and other charging equipment while also monitoring and controlling the electrical supply.

The municipal power supply system is one of the most fundamental power sources for charging stations, providing stable and reliable electricity. However, charging stations must also consider potential shortcomings of this system, such as power outages or voltage fluctuations. To address these issues, charging stations should also be equipped with other backup power sources to ensure the continuity and reliability of charging services.

 II.

 Backup Battery System

The backup battery system is a common type of backup power source for charging stations. It serves as a backup to the municipal power supply system, automatically switching to battery power in the event of a power failure. This system typically consists of large-capacity batteries, providing temporary electricity support to charging stations.

One advantage of the backup battery system is that it can ensure continuous power supply to charging stations, especially during municipal power failures or outages, thereby maintaining normal charging operations. Additionally, backup battery systems are often equipped with battery management systems to monitor battery status and charge levels, enabling intelligent control over battery charging and discharging.

However, the backup battery system also has some drawbacks. First, its capacity is limited, meaning it can only provide power for a certain period before running out of charge. Second, the system requires regular maintenance and battery replacement, increasing the operational and maintenance costs of charging stations.

Three, Solar Photovoltaic System

The solar photovoltaic system is a clean energy power supply solution and is widely applied in charging stations.

 The solar photovoltaic system converts solar energy into electricity, providing green and renewable power for charging stations.

A solar photovoltaic system generally consists of solar panels, inverters, batteries, and control systems.

 Solar panels are devices that convert solar energy into direct current (DC) electricity, while inverters convert DC electricity into alternating current (AC) electricity for use by charging piles.

 The function of the battery is to store the electricity generated by solar energy during the day for use at night or on cloudy days.

The advantages of the solar photovoltaic system lie in its clean and environmentally friendly characteristics, reducing dependence on traditional energy sources.

 Additionally, the solar photovoltaic system can feed excess electricity back into the grid, achieving interconnection and sharing of energy.

However, the disadvantages of the solar photovoltaic system cannot be overlooked.

 First, the availability of solar energy is significantly affected by sunlight conditions, and the amount of electricity generated may be impacted during rainy or cloudy days or at night.

 Second, constructing a solar photovoltaic system requires a certain level of investment, and it may be difficult to implement in cases where the charging station is small in scale or the geographical conditions are unsuitable.

Four, Wind Power Generation System

The wind power generation system is another renewable energy power supply solution that converts wind energy into electricity for use by charging stations.

 A wind power generation system generally consists of wind turbines, inverters, batteries, and control systems.

Wind turbines capture the kinetic energy of wind to drive the rotation of generators, producing electricity.

 Inverters convert the direct current (DC) electricity generated by wind energy into alternating current (AC) electricity for use by charging piles.

 Batteries can be used to store the electricity generated by wind power during the day for use at night or when wind power is insufficient.

The advantages of the wind power generation system lie in its ability to generate electricity using natural wind energy without consuming fossil fuels, and it has green and clean characteristics.

 Additionally, wind resources are relatively abundant, making it suitable for constructing wind power generation systems in certain regions.

However, the wind power generation system also has some issues.

 First, the utilization of wind energy is significantly affected by wind speed and wind direction, and efficiency may be impacted in cases of excessively low or high wind speeds.

 Second, wind power generation systems require a large land area and may be difficult to construct in areas where geographical conditions are unsuitable.

In real life, the supporting power systems for charging stations, in addition to the mains power supply system, backup battery system, solar photovoltaic system, and wind power generation system, also include other supporting power systems, which are not listed here one by one.

 Each supporting power system has its own advantages and disadvantages, so it is necessary for us to select the appropriate supporting power system based on factors such as the scale, geographical location, and economic conditions of the charging station, to ensure stable power supply for the charging station and improve the reliability and convenience of charging services.